LATICAUDA COLUBRINA
Yellow-Lipped Sea Krait
黃唇青斑海蛇
保育等級: 非保育類
劇毒!
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| 鄉野調查 |
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| 家族 |
蝙蝠蛇科,闊尾海蛇亞科 Elapidae, subfamily Hydrophiidae
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| 最大體長 |
170 cm
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| 台灣棲地分佈 |
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| 世界棲地分佈 |
印度洋(東印度,斯里蘭卡,緬甸,馬來西亞,印尼,美拉尼西亞,波利尼西亞),索羅門群島,泰國灣,菲律賓,安達曼群島,尼科巴群島,台灣,中國,孟加拉灣,馬來西亞半島,印澳群島到新幾內亞,日本(琉球群島),澳大利亞(新南威爾士州,昆士蘭州),紐西蘭,西太平洋的斐濟,新喀裡多尼亞,墨西哥,薩爾瓦多,尼加拉 |
| 外觀描述 |
Medium to large snake; total length up to 170 cm. There are 21-25 (23-25 at mid-body) rows of smooth and glossy scales. Head is broad, flattened on top, very slightly triangular, but not distinct from neck; body is moderately stout and slightly compressed laterally, especially in posterior quarter; tail is laterally compressed, sides with vertically elongated scales. The ventrals are medium size, which is one-third to more than half the width of body. Eye is medium-sized; iris is gray to blue gray, flecked with black and pupil is round and black. Tongue is flesh-colored, darkened by scatttered black pigment, outer half of fork tips dirty white. Fangs are medium size, rigid, in anterior part of upper jaw. There are 3 prefrontals (i.e., a large azygous shield between the prefrontals) and no loreals; the rostral is entire. Upper head is distinctly marked; snout and the lower half of supralabials is yellow to grey, and the remainder of the head is black except for a bar of yellow extending back above eye to temporal region. Upper body and tail are gray to blue gray while the ventral body is dirty white to cream, which are encircled completely by black, prominent bands with clearly defined borders; the black bands are narrower than the interspaces. Ventral head has prominent broad longitudinal stripe of black from mouth, extending posteriorly to join first two bands of body; chin and gular shields are dirty white to yellow. Anal scale is divided and subcaudals are paired.
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| 生態描述 |
"黃唇青斑海蛇是屬於真正的海生生物,但是卻在陸地上繁殖產下下一代。牠們會在熱帶淺海活動,平時棲息於附近的小珊瑚島、珊瑚礁和紅樹林,通常會躲在珊瑚砂底。人們通常可在海水深度 1-10m 的地方發現牠們的存在。主要是因為黃唇青斑海蛇的皮膚屬於低滲透性的,下潛到太深壓力過大對牠們來說是件很危險的事。受到潮汐的影響,海蛇們通常是在夜間出來覓食,不過仍然有個體會在白天出沒。獵食時黃唇青斑海蛇會在珊瑚礁中大範圍的尋找食物。雖然是海洋生物,但這些海蛇喜歡淡水更甚於海水,時常會發現牠們攀爬到陸地上,從低窪的積水地攝取淡水、雨水等。不過當需要脫皮時就沒那麼講究了,無論是海裡還是陸地上都會脫皮。
黃唇青斑海蛇是世界上最毒的蛇之ㄧ,不過由於其個性溫和,甚至連自衛的時候都很少咬人。 時常可以見到牠們成群的出現在 浪人鰺(Caranx ignobilis) 或是 鬚雕科魚類(Goatfish) 的大型狩獵派對中。 黃唇青斑海蛇利用皮膚上的環狀標記,與尾部的擬態誤導敵人分不清哪個才是牠的頭。另外再配合牠們致命的毒液來禦敵: "在一篇發表於2009年8月5號的海洋生態研究討論上,指出了此生存在太平洋與印度洋的物種讓天敵誤以為牠有兩個頭部,選錯了地方攻擊是致命的......雖然牠們擁有極強的毒液,但是這種讓敵人無法分辨的發展,也是禦敵所必須的。牠們仍然擁有像是鳥類、鯊魚與大型硬骨魚類等的天敵存在。" 更多探討請看 來自科學日報的一篇文章(Science Daily article).
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| 學名與俗名 |
Laticauda = 來自拉丁文 latus = 廣闊的、寬扁的 與 cauda = 尾巴,形容牠寬扁的尾巴; colubrina = 來自拉丁文 colubrinus = 指有特殊技能的蛇。 黃唇青斑海蛇、藍灰扁尾蛇。
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| 附註 |
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翻譯:周信甫
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